Electronic journals, also known as ejournals, e-journals, and electronic serials, are scholarly journals or intellectual magazines that can be accessed via electronic transmission. In practice, this means that they are usually published on the Web. They are a specialized form of electronic document: they have the purpose of providing material for academic research and study, and they are formatted approximately like journal articles in traditional printed journals. Many electronic journals are listed in directories such as the Directory of Open Access Journals, and the articles indexed in bibliographic databases and search engines for the academic discipline concerned